Do Antibiotics Make You Tired? Uncovering the Truth

The Connection Between Antibiotics and Fatigue

Fatigue is often cited by patients as a common side effect of antibiotic treatment. Research indicates that the connection between antibiotics and fatigue may arise from several factors, including the body’s response to infection, the impact on gut microbiota, and the potential for adverse reactions to the medications themselves.

When antibiotics are administered, they target and kill bacteria, including both harmful pathogens and beneficial bacteria in the gut. This disruption in the microbiome can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, which are often accompanied by feelings of lethargy and tiredness. Moreover, the immune system is activated during the treatment process, which can also contribute to fatigue as the body diverts energy to fight off infection (Lindson et al., 2024).

Common Side Effects of Antibiotics

In addition to fatigue, antibiotics can cause a range of side effects. Some of the most common include:

Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are prevalent among those taking antibiotics. These symptoms can lead to dehydration and nutrient malabsorption, further exacerbating feelings of tiredness.
Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, which can manifest as rashes, itching, or in severe cases, anaphylaxis. These reactions can drain energy levels and lead to fatigue.
Photosensitivity: Certain antibiotics can increase sensitivity to sunlight, leading to sunburns or skin reactions that can be uncomfortable and tiring.
Fungal Infections: The depletion of beneficial gut bacteria can lead to an overgrowth of yeast, resulting in conditions like thrush, which are not only uncomfortable but can also lead to fatigue due to systemic inflammation.
Drug Interactions: Antibiotics can interact with other medications, potentially leading to adverse effects that may include increased fatigue (Lindson et al., 2024).

How Antibiotics Affect Your Energy Levels

The impact of antibiotics on energy levels can vary significantly from person to person. Some patients may experience a noticeable drop in energy, while others may not feel any fatigue at all. The reasons for these differences can include:

Individual Health Status: Pre-existing health conditions, nutritional status, and overall wellness can influence how a person reacts to antibiotic treatment. For instance, individuals with chronic illnesses may experience more pronounced fatigue due to the added stress on their bodies.
Duration of Antibiotic Use: Longer courses of antibiotics may increase the likelihood of experiencing fatigue due to prolonged disruption of gut microbiome and additional side effects.
Type of Antibiotic: Different classes of antibiotics have varying side effect profiles. For example, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are known to cause more fatigue compared to others (Lindson et al., 2024).

Managing Fatigue While on Antibiotics

To combat fatigue while taking antibiotics, consider the following strategies:

Stay Hydrated: Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially if experiencing gastrointestinal side effects. Water, herbal teas, and electrolyte solutions can be beneficial.
Maintain a Balanced Diet: Eating nutrient-rich foods can help replenish lost energy. Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your diet to support overall health.
Rest and Sleep: Prioritize sleep and rest periods to allow your body to recover. Adequate sleep is crucial for healing and restoring energy levels.
Monitor Your Symptoms: Keep track of any side effects and discuss them with your healthcare provider. Adjustments to the antibiotic regimen or supportive therapies may be necessary.
Probiotics: Consider taking probiotics after completing your antibiotic course to help restore gut flora balance, which may mitigate some side effects, including fatigue (Lindson et al., 2024).

When to Consult a Doctor About Antibiotic Side Effects

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience severe fatigue or any other concerning symptoms while taking antibiotics. Specific signs that warrant a doctor’s visit include:

Persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest.
Severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as prolonged diarrhea or vomiting.
Signs of an allergic reaction.
New or worsening symptoms that may indicate complications or secondary infections.

Your healthcare provider may recommend alternative treatments, further testing, or supportive care to help manage your symptoms effectively.

Conclusion

While antibiotics are a vital tool in fighting bacterial infections, they can lead to fatigue and other side effects. Understanding the connection between antibiotics and tiredness can help patients manage their symptoms better and ensure they take the necessary steps to support their recovery. If fatigue becomes overwhelming, consulting a healthcare provider is crucial to adjust treatment as needed.

References

Lindson, N., Butler, A. R., McRobbie, H., et al. (2024). Interventions to reduce harm in people who use tobacco: Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Suleiman, A. K. (2024). Improving ADR reporting in Jordan: a qualitative exploration of pharmacists’ perspectives. Frontiers in Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1513611
Putri, K. G. (2025). A qualitative study exploring experiences of treatment in paediatric rheumatology - children’s, young people’s, parents’ and carers’ perspectives. Pediatric Rheumatology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-025-01063-w
Gamal Ramadan, M., El-Sayed, A. A., & Alsenany, S. A. (2024). Self-administered active versus sham acupressure for diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a nurse-led randomized clinical trial. BMC Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02594-5
Algera, J., Colomier, E., & Simrén, M. (2024). The Dietary Management of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review of the Existing and Emerging Evidence. Nutrients