Can Men Have Bacterial Vaginosis? Key Insights and Facts

What is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and Its Symptoms?

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an imbalance in the normal bacterial flora of the vagina, leading to an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, typically lactobacilli. This condition is associated with various symptoms, including:

• Vaginal Discharge: A thin, grayish-white discharge that may have a fishy odor, especially after sexual intercourse or during menstruation.
• Itching or Irritation: Some women may experience itching in the vaginal area.
• Odor: A distinct fishy odor that can be more pronounced after sexual activity.
• Discomfort during urination: Some women report discomfort when urinating, although this is less common.

While BV primarily affects women, understanding its implications for men is crucial.

Can Men Experience Bacterial Vaginosis Symptoms?

Men can exhibit symptoms that resemble those of bacterial vaginosis, although they do not experience BV in the same manner as women. Men can develop a condition known as bacterial urethritis, which can be caused by the same types of bacteria that lead to BV. Symptoms may include:

• Discharge from the Penis: A discharge that may be clear, cloudy, or purulent.
• Burning Sensation: A burning feeling during urination, similar to that reported by women with BV.
• Itching: Itching or irritation in the genital area.
• Swelling: In some cases, there may be swelling of the urethra.

However, it’s important to note that the pathophysiology and clinical significance of bacterial infections in men differ from those in women.

Understanding the Causes of Bacterial Vaginosis in Men

The causes of bacterial vaginosis in men are not as well-documented as they are in women. Potential causes include:

• Sexual Activity: Engaging in sexual activities with partners who have BV can lead to the transmission of bacteria. While BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual practices can influence the bacterial flora.
• Poor Hygiene: Failing to maintain proper genital hygiene can contribute to the growth of harmful bacteria.
• Antibiotic Use: Use of antibiotics can disrupt normal bacterial flora, potentially leading to an imbalance.
• Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions that compromise the immune system can predispose individuals to bacterial infections.

How is Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed in Males?

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in males is not as straightforward as in females, primarily due to the lack of specific tests. Healthcare professionals may utilize the following methods:

• Clinical Evaluation: A thorough history and physical examination are essential. The healthcare provider will assess symptoms and sexual history.
• Urine Tests: Testing urine for the presence of bacteria can aid in diagnosing urethritis.
• Swabs: Sometimes, a swab of the urethra is taken to analyze the bacterial composition.

It is essential for men who suspect they may have symptoms of BV to seek medical advice for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment Options for Men with Bacterial Vaginosis

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis in men, particularly when symptomatic, generally involves:

1. Antibiotics: The most common treatment approach includes prescribing antibiotics, such as metronidazole or azithromycin, to eliminate the bacteria causing the symptoms.
2. Partner Treatment: If a male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection related to BV, it might be advisable for sexual partners to undergo treatment to prevent recurrence.
3. Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining good hygiene, reducing the number of sexual partners, and practicing safe sex can help prevent bacterial infections.

It is crucial for individuals to follow their healthcare provider’s recommendations and complete the full course of any prescribed antibiotics.

Table 1: Comparison of BV Symptoms in Women and Men

FAQ

Can men get bacterial vaginosis?
While men do not get bacterial vaginosis in the same way as women, they can experience similar bacterial infections, particularly urethritis.

What are the signs of bacterial vaginosis in men?
Signs can include penile discharge, burning sensation during urination, and genital itching.

How is bacterial vaginosis treated in men?
Treatment typically involves antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Is bacterial vaginosis contagious?
BV itself is not classified as an STI, but the bacteria that can cause it may be transmitted through sexual contact.

What preventive measures can men take?
Maintaining good genital hygiene, reducing the number of sexual partners, and practicing safe sex can help prevent bacterial infections.

References

1. Development of sleepiness in professional truck drivers: Real‐road testing for driver drowsiness and attention warning (DDAW) system evaluation. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11911040/
2. Survival benefit of surgery vs radiotherapy alone to patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02436-3
3. Visual function deficits in dyslexic children: a case-control study. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03959-3
4. Intermittent hypoxia increases lipid insulin resistance in healthy humans: A randomized crossover trial. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11911047/
5. Home-based exercise and PHysical activity maintenance interventiOn after livEr traNsplantation: Impact of eXercise intensity (PHOENIX-Liver). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002436
6. Morbidity Profile of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Their Determinants in a Tertiary Care Institute of Eastern India. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.78963
7. Development of a Standardized Protocol to Measure the (An)aerobic Capacity on a Roller Ergometer Among Wheelchair Athletes. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11911226/
8. Socio‐economic inequalities and heart failure morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and data synthesis. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11911605/